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Trinity XV: Ephphatha – Be Opened!

I can still remember vividly the experience of my first Sunday off after being ordained. I had everything planned out. A friend of mine from theological college was a curate about 45 minutes away, so I could both see a friend and enjoy some quiet anonymous worship at the back of the pews. I dressed casually, but within seconds of entering the church I was handed books with a cheerful ‘Good Morning Father!’. I was rumbled! I suspect that without thinking about it I had performed several ritual gestures on entering, which rather gave the game away. Our actions are louder than our words, louder than the clothes we wear. Christianity is a faith which we live, which affects who we are, and what we do. 

The reading from the Letter of James makes this very point: God doesn’t treat people differently, so neither should we in the church. If anything the church should go out of its way to look after the poor, because in their poverty they know their need for God. 

‘Listen, my beloved brothers, has not God chosen those who are poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom, which he has promised to those who love him?’

‘Clywch, fy mrodyr annwyl. Oni ddewisodd Duw y rhai sy’n dlawd yng ngolwg y byd i fod yn gyfoethog mewn ffydd ac yn etifeddion y deyrnas a addawodd ef i’r rhai sydd yn ei garu?’ (James 2:5)

In this morning’s Gospel Jesus has been in Gentile territory to the north of Galilee. He has healed the Syro-Phonecian woman’s daughter, and is now heading back towards the Sea of Galilee. Having heard of His reputation for performing miraculous healings people bring a man to Our Lord who cannot hear or speak clearly, in the hope that he can be healed:

‘and they begged him to lay his hand on him.’

‘a cheisio ganddo roi ei law arno.’ (Mk 7:32)

The people are desperate: there is nothing they can do. This charismatic healer and teacher is their only hope. So Our Lord takes the man to one side, away from the crowd, and performs the healing. 

‘he put his fingers into his ears, and after spitting touched his tongue. And looking up to heaven, he sighed and said to him, “Ephphatha”, that is, “Be opened.”’

‘rhoes ei fysedd yn ei glustiau, poerodd, a chyffyrddodd â’i dafod; a chan edrych i fyny i’r nef ochneidiodd a dweud wrtho, “Ephphatha”, hynny yw, “Agorer di”.’ (Mk 7:33-4)

The scene may seem a little strange to us nowadays, but it has a refreshing physicality to it. Jesus isn’t simply preoccupied with spiritual matters. The healing is physical: involving touch and saliva. Our Lord does raise His eyes to Heaven and pray, but He also says, ‘Ephphatha — Be opened’ and the man is healed. Jesus is both conforming to people’s expectations, what they would like to be done, and also bringing about a miraculous healing by the power of God. 

‘And his ears were opened, his tongue was released, and he spoke plainly.’

‘Agorwyd ei glustiau ar unwaith, a datodwyd rhwym ei dafod a dechreuodd lefaru’n eglur.’ (Mk 7:35)

This is marvellous on several levels. It is the fulfilment of Isaiah’s prophecy which is the first reading today:

‘Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped; then shall the lame man leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute sing for joy.’

‘Yna fe agorir llygaid y deillion a chlustiau’r byddariaidd; fe lama’r cloff fel hydd, fe gân tafod y mudan;’ (Isa 35:5-6)

Isaiah is looking forward to the coming of the Messiah, so Our Lord is fulfilling the prophecy and demonstrating his Messianic credentials — announcing to the world both who and what He is. The Kingdom of God is a place of healing and wholeness. It is also no longer to be understood in an exclusive sense. In Chapter 7 of Mark’s Gospel Jesus is outside Israel and now extends His healing to people who are not Jews. This is an important step which will have a profound effect upon the Church and its spreading across the world.

Our Lord tells the people who have witnessed the miracle not to tell anyone about it. However, his words have the opposite effect:

‘But the more he charged them, the more zealously they proclaimed it. And they were astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”’

‘ond po fwyaf yr oedd ef yn gorchymyn iddynt, mwyaf yn y byd yr oeddent hwy’n cyhoeddi’r peth. Yr oeddent yn synnu’n fawr dros ben, gan ddweud, “Da y gwnaeth ef bob peth; y mae’n gwneud hyd yn oed i fyddariaid glywed ac i fudion lefaru.”’ (Mk 7:36-37)

They are amazed that prophecy is being fulfilled. But more than that, we see Gentiles sharing the Good News of the Kingdom of God. This is how the Church grows, and we see its beginnings here. The people of the Decapolis, the ten towns, are proclaiming the truth of the Gospel. They point forward to the spread of the Church.aWe are here in Church today because people have told others about it. The people’s profound experience of God’s healing love compels them to share it with others. Just as the deaf mute has been opened by the prayer of Jesus, so have the people around him. Their ears are opened and their tongues are loosed to proclaim the might works of God. 

The Kingdom of God is a place of healing and restoration for all, a fact which the Church continues to proclaim. Rather than being an exclusive event for the Chosen People, healing and salvation are for all who turn to God. All are invited, all are welcome. We are here today because people have shared the Good News with us. All of us come in need of God’s grace, His unmerited kindness. Not only this, but God gives us His very self, to heal us, and transform us.

My brothers and sisters in Christ, may we come to the Lord, so that we may be healed and restored. May we proclaim the Good News of the Kingdom of God, so that others may come to know and love God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. To whom be ascribed all glory, dominion and power, now and forever. Amen.

James Tissot: Jesus Heals a Mute Possessed Man (Brooklyn Museum)
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Pentecost 2024

FIRE is an amazing entity. It is something that can be both a benefit, but also a danger. The heat produced by an open fire, or a log-burning stove, provides warmth and comfort. The candles in church give light and form a focus for our prayers. However, we must always take care with fire, as it is a powerful force. The disciples are described as receiving the power of the Holy Spirit through what looked like ‘divided tongues of fire’ ‘tafodau fel o dân’ (Acts 2:3).

Before his Ascension, Christ tells His disciples to wait in Jerusalem so that they may be baptized in the Holy Spirit. The twelve have again gathered in the Upper Room, along with the Blessed Virgin Mary. This is the same place where Christ instituted the Eucharist, and washed His disciples’ feet. They have gathered here because Jesus told them to be together, and to pray, saying:

 ‘you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be my witnesses … to the end of the earth’ 

‘Ond fe dderbyniwch nerth wedi’r Ysbryd Glân ddod arnoch, a byddwch yn dystion i mi … a hyd eithaf y ddaear’ (Acts 1:8). 

Our Lord promises to pour out the Holy Spirit to strengthen and inspire the Church. God is generous, and wants to see humanity flourish. An amazing event then takes place. Everyone present is filled with the Holy Spirit. Tongues of fire rest upon them, and they speak in a variety of languages. Strengthened by God’s Spirit the disciples go out to preach. In Jerusalem there are people from all over the Mediterranean World, gathered for the Jewish festival of Shavuot, the celebration of the wheat harvest. These people are amazed to hear the mighty works of God spoken in their own languages. Not only that, those speaking are not the educated elite but a rag-tag assortment of Galilean fishermen and other ordinary men. They hear and understand the proclamation of who Jesus is, and what He has done. 

Through the power of God, the Good News is pronounced. Men who were afraid, hiding behind locked doors, have become confident, and will go out to share the Gospel around the world. Their miraculous transformation has, in turn, transformed the world, resulting in billions of Christians. We are here in church today because of the power of the Holy Spirit.

This is why St Paul can write to the Church in Galatia as a community that has experienced the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. The apostle describes what it means to be filled with the Holy Spirit:

‘But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control’ 

‘Ond ffrwyth yr Ysbryd yw cariad, llawenydd, tangnefedd, goddefgarwch, caredigrwydd, daioni, ffyddlondeb, addfwynder, hunanddisgyblaeth.’ (Gal 5:22-23)

Paul is describing how we are all supposed to be as Christians. Living by the Spirit is an ideal, which we often fail to live up to, but, nonetheless, it shows us how God wants us to live. Here is a glimpse of life in all its fulness: life in union with God, and with each other. This is perfect communion, something to strive for, even if we may struggle to attain it. This is how we can live when we allow God to be in control, and when our human will is perfectly aligned with the Father’s will for us. Living by the Spirit is what human flourishing looks like in practice.

At a number of points in John’s Gospel, Jesus speaks about the Holy Spirit to His disciples. Our Lord tells His followers that the Spirit will bear witness, confirming the truth of their faith, and will strengthen them for service: living and sharing the Good News. Jesus promises: 

‘When the Spirit of truth comes, he will give you into all truth’

‘Ond pan ddaw ef, Ysbryd y Gwirionedd, fe’ch arwain chwi yn yr holl wirionedd’ (Jn 16:13)

We have come together today to celebrate God’s love and generosity in continuing to send His Holy Spirit. 

God is glorified in worship, which is why we sing His praises. Worship does not change God, it changes us: making us more loving, uniting us with our creator who sustains us with His love. Christians all around the world are united with the worship of Heaven, where the saints and angels sing the praises of God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, and nourished by Word and Sacrament, we are given a foretaste of the joy which awaits us.

So, my brothers and sisters in Christ, let us pray earnestly for the gift of the Spirit. May God fill us with His love and equip us to proclaim the Good News of the Kingdom. May the fire of the Holy Spirit embolden us to encourage others to come to know, and love, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. To whom be ascribed all, glory, dominion, and power, now and forever. Amen.

Maronite Icon of Pentecost

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Easter 2024

It is early in the morning and a woman sits in the darkness. Her beloved teacher, whom she has followed and supported for years was placed in a tomb a few days before, after having being executed for political and religious reasons. The sun has not yet risen, and as she sits, she cries. A week ago He was being hailed as the Messiah, God’s anointed, the Davidic king come to set His people free. Yet within a few days, the same people who cried ‘Hosanna’ were shouting ‘Crucify him!’ ‘Crucify him!’. So she goes, to be near her Lord, to be close to him. And as she goes, she notices something: the stone has been rolled away. It took several people to roll it there on Friday afternoon. What is going on? Mary Magdalen runs to tell Peter and John:

“They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” 

‘Y maent wedi cymryd yr Arglwydd allan o’r bedd, ac ni wyddom lle y maent wedi ei roi i orwedd’ (John 20: 2)

Mary assumes, understandably, that grave-robbers have been at work. Or that the Jewish or Roman authorities, worried that this troublemaker might be a focus for dissent, have got rid of Him. To do so makes sense in political terms, but something greater has happened. Peter and John come running towards the tomb. John arrives first, peers inside the tomb, but stays outside. 

‘Then Simon Peter came, following him, and went into the tomb. He saw the linen cloths lying there, and the face cloth, which had been on Jesus’ head, not lying with the linen cloths but folded up in a place by itself.’

‘Yna daeth Simon Pedr ar ei ôl, a mynd i mewn i’r bedd. Gwelodd y llieiniau yn gorwedd yno, a hefyd y cadach oedd wedi bod am ei ben ef; nid oedd hwn yn gorwedd gyda’r llieiniau, ond ar wahân, wedi ei blygu ynghyd’ (John 20: 6-7)

What happens is a gradual process. Bit by bit, the followers of Jesus come to experience and understand this incredible and amazing event. 

Then the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went in, and he saw and believed; for as yet they did not understand the Scripture, that he must rise from the dead. Then the disciples went back to their homes.’

‘Yna aeth y disgybl arall, y cyntaf i ddod at y bedd, yntau i mewn. Gwelodd ac fe gredodd. Oherwydd nid oeddent eto wedi deall yr hyn a ddwed yr Ysgrythur, fod yn rhaid iddo atgyfodi oddi wyth y meirw. Yna aeth y disgyblion adref yn eu holau.’ (John 20: 8-10)

A few days ago the disciples saw their Lord and Teacher killed and buried, but now the tomb is empty. The cloths that were wrapped around Jesus are there, but there is no body. John, the disciple Jesus loved, understands and believes. Peter does not yet understand or believe. Clearly it is all too much for Mary Magdalen who stays by the tomb, weeping. When the angels ask her why she is crying she replies:

“They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.”

“Y maent wedi cymryd fy Arglwydd i ffwrdd, ac ni wn i lle y maent wedi ei roi i orwedd.” (John 20: 13)

Mary’s words are understandable, she is filled with grief and sadness. She is bereft and confused. At this point, Mary Magdalen encounters the Risen Christ:

Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?” Supposing him to be the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.”

‘“Wraig,” meddai Iesu wrhti, “pam yr wyt ti’n wylo? Pwy yr wyt yn ei geisio?” Gan feddwl mai’r garddwr ydoedd, dywedodd hithau wrtho, “Os mai ti, Syr, a’i cymerodd ef, dywed wrthyf lle y rhoddaist ef i orwedd, ac fe’i cymeraf fi ef i’m gofal.”’ (John 20: 15)

Mary supposes that Jesus is the gardener, the person employed to look after the cemetery. She does not yet understand who He is, or what is going on. However, the mention of the gardener is significant. In Genesis, humanity was created by God in a garden, Eden, and given the task of tending it (Gen 2:15). The Resurrection also takes place in a garden, showing us that Christ is the second Adam. Whilst the first Adam brought death to humanity by a tree, Jesus, the Second Adam, has brought life to the world by the tree of the Cross. Humanity falls because of a tree, and because of a tree we are offered eternal life in Christ. 

It was on the first day of the week, that Creation began, and now on the first day of the week we see a New Creation. Christ has risen from the dead, and conquered Death and Hell. Our Lord is a gardener, and the plants he tends are human beings. We believe in a God who loves us, who cares for us, and who longs to see us grow and flourish.

Jesus greets Mary Magdalen by name, and suddenly she recognises Him. She understands. She believes. Then Christ talks of His Ascension, as though forty days of Easter have condensed into a single moment. Mary now knows what she must do:

‘Mary Magdalene went and announced to the disciples, “I have seen the Lord”—and that he had said these things to her.’

‘Mair Magdalen i gyhoeddi’r newydd i’r disgyblion. “Yr wyf wedi gweld yr Arglwydd.” meddai, ac eglurodd ei fod wedi dweud y geiriau hyn wrthi’ (Jn 20:18)

Mary shares the Good News, just as Peter and Paul do in the first and second readings this morning. As Christians we are called to do likewise: to tell others that God loves us, all of us, that He died for us, and that He rose again to offer us eternal life with Him. This is the message of Easter. Good News! Christ has triumphed over Death and Hell, and humanity is healed and restored through Him.

So, my brothers and sisters in Christ, ‘Pasg hapus i chi gyd!’ ‘A Happy Easter to you all!’ May you, and those you love, be filled with Resurrection joy and strength, on this Easter Day and always. Amen.

Fra Angelico (Italian, ca. 1395–1455), “Noli me tangere,” 1440–42. Fresco from the convent of San Marco, Florence, Italy. http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/a/angelico/index.html
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Septuagesima (Year B)

The narration of stories is a skilled activity, whether they are told orally, or in writing. Setting the scene and introducing the characters are an important part of the process. Sometimes people begin with a long introduction, whereas others take you straight to the action. Mark’s Gospel definitely takes the latter approach. He does not set the scene by giving details of Jesus’ birth or childhood. Instead, he plunges straight into chronicling Our Lord’s public ministry in Galilee.

Mark’s Gospel begins with a description of Jesus’ ministry that proceeds at a frenetic pace. Jesus is baptised by John, goes into the desert for forty days, and calls two sets of brothers to follow Him: Simon and Andrew, James and John. In today’s passage Jesus teaches in a synagogue and heals a man possessed by an unclean spirit. Everything happens in quick succession, there is no time to waste. Part of this is a desire on the Gospel writer’s part to embody the vibrancy of Jesus’ proclamation of the Kingdom:

“The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.”

‘Yr amser a gyflawnwyd, a theyrnas Dduw a nesaodd: edifarhewch, a chredwch yr efengyl.’ (Mk 1:15)

Jesus is a man on a mission. He calls people to turn away from their sins, and to believe in the Good News: to love God and also to love your neighbour. As it is the Sabbath, people gather in the local synagogue. Worship in a synagogue involved singing Psalms, reading from Scripture, and teaching, rather like a sermon. This is familiar to us, as our Morning and Evening Prayer proceeds along similar lines. In this instance, instead of a Scribe or Teacher of Law explaining the biblical reading, Jesus Himself is teaching the people.

‘And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority not as the scribes’

‘A synasant wrth ei athrawiaeth ef: canys yr oedd efe yn eu dysgu hwy megis un ag awdurdod ganddo, ac nid fel yr ysgrifenyddion.’ (Mk 1:22)

Scribes relied on the authority of Moses, and would refer to other passages in the first five books of the Old Testament, and to previous interpretations, to make their point. Jesus does something different, and while Mark doesn’t tell us exactly what He said, it is clear that Our Lord’s interpretation of the Scriptures was both refreshing and authoritative. Jesus teaches like someone with authority. He isn’t a scribe or a Pharisee, He hasn’t spent years in theological training. Jesus stands outside traditional religious power structures. Our Lord’s teaching has authority not just because it is spoken with conviction, but because it is real and embodied in Him. Christ’s words are lived out in His life, because he is God: the Son of God, beloved of the Father (cf. Mk 1:11). He is filled with the Holy Spirit, and proclaims the Good News of the Kingdom. 

After Jesus has unpacked the Scriptures, He is addressed by a man who is clearly unwell:

“And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. And he cried out, ‘What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God.’” 

‘Ac yr oedd yn eu synagog hwy ddyn ag ynddo ysbryd aflan: ac efe a lefodd, Gan ddywedyd, Och, beth sydd i ni a wnelom â thi, Iesu o Nasareth? a ddaethost ti i’n difetha ni? mi a’th adwaen pwy ydwyt, Sanct Duw.’ (Mk 1:23-24)

This is a man in need of healing, who is described as being possessed by an evil spirit, though nowadays we would probably prefer to describe him as suffering from mental illness. He is suffering, and longs to be healed. This weak, broken man recognises who and what Jesus is: He is the Holy One of God, the Messiah, Y Meseia. Our Lord speaks with authority telling the evil spirit to be silent and come out of the man. He can do this because He is God.

The Kingdom which Jesus proclaims in His teaching is a place of healing. Ours is a God who can heal our wounds, who can take broken humanity and restore it in love. This is why Christ’s teaching and the healing have to go together; they are both part of a larger whole, the coming Kingdom of God. Jesus proclaims our need to love God and each other, and puts this into practice, making the healing power of God’s love a reality in the world. Therefore, at the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry in Mark’s Gospel we see the proclamation of the Good News, and its application in a healing miracle. Jesus is the fulfilment of Moses’ prophecy, in today’s first reading, where he says:

“The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brothers—it is to him you shall listen” 

‘Yr Arglwydd dy Dduw a gyfyd i ti, o’th blith dy hun, o’th frodyr dy hun, Broffwyd megis finnau; arno ef y gwrandewch’ (Deut 18:15)

“And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him.”

‘a rhoddaf fy ngeiriau yn ei enau ef; ac efe a lefara wrthynt yr hyn oll a orchmynnwyf iddo.’ (Deut 18:18)

These verses are quoted, by both St Peter in Acts 3:22 and St Stephen in Acts 7:37, to refer to Jesus. For nearly two thousand years the Church has had a consistent interpretation of this passage as pointing to, and finding its fulfilment in, Jesus Christ. We can listen to Him with confidence because Jesus is God. He has authority, and He longs to heal us.

The message that Our Lord proclaims in His teaching is reinforced by His actions. Jesus shows that the Kingdom of God is a place where humanity can be healed and freed from sin. Christ demonstrates this most fully when He suffers and dies for us on the Cross. From the very beginning, Jesus looks to the Cross —not as a place of torture, humiliation, or defeat — but as the place of victory and healing. The Crucifixion is the supreme demonstration of God’s love for humanity. Through the Cross we learn how much God loves us. This is why God sends His Son to heal our wounds, to restore us, and to give us the hope of Heaven. Confident in His promises we can turn to God and pray for the healing that we all so desperately long for, and which the world needs. We can pray that His Divine nature might transform our human nature, and give us a foretaste of Heaven. We pray that our own wounds: physical and mental, will be healed, so that we might have life in Him, in this world and the next.

The possessed man asks Jesus, ‘Have you come to destroy us?’ ‘a ddaethost ti i’n difetha ni?’ The only thing that Christ has come to eradicate is the power of evil which separates man from God. We know that the Son of God has come not to destroy but to restore humanity, so that we may have life and have it to the full. This is the Good News of the Kingdom, which is still a reality here and now. We, in our brokenness, can approach the source of all healing, the God who loves us and gives himself for us, so that we can be restored by Him. God can take our lives and heal us in His love. Let us then come to Him, so that our lives may also be transformed. Let us proclaim to a world, which longs for healing and wholeness, the love of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. To whom be ascribed all glory, dominion, and power, now and forever. Amen.

James Tissot The Possessed Man in the Synagogue (Brooklyn Museum)